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This paper provides a comprehensive examination of various Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) scenarios, emphasising on those that pose significant challenges. A focus is given to the Vehicle-to-Load/Home (V2L/H) scenario, where a three-phase embedded charger is tasked with powering a single-phase load. In this context, it is crucial to properly manage the load’s neutral to ensure the voltages delivered by the charger remain balanced. The paper delves into two potential methods for neutral connection, elucidating the implications each method has on the power electronics involved.This paper provides a comprehensive exam- ination of various Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) scenarios, emphasising on those that pose significant challenges. A focus is given to the Vehicle-to-Load/Home (V2L/H) scenario, where a three-phase embedded charger is tasked with powering a single-phase load. In this context, it is crucial to properly manage the load’s neutral to ensure the voltages delivered by the charger remain balanced. The paper delves into two potential methods for neutral connection, elucidating the implications each method has on the power electronics involved.

Given the widespread use of electric vehicles, they can be used in their idle state to provide services when connected to the grid or supply power in islanded operation using the bidirectional charger. Today, when connected to the grid, reversible chargers employ grid-following control, and when operating in islanded conditions, they use constant voltage constant frequency control. However, limitations exist for both control strategies. In this context, grid-forming control can be used to operate in all cases. This paper showcases the potential of grid-forming control when applied to a reversible charger for different operation modes of electric vehicles.